Under the general land laws, the unit of administration is the quarter-quarter section of 40 acres or the lot, either of which is often referred to as the smallest legal subdivision. The unit of subdivision is the section of 640 acres. Under the rectangular system, the unit of survey is the township of 36 sections. Many different pro-cedures have evolved and the surveyor will reference the Manual in effect for the time of the survey being retraced. Knowledge of the original field survey procedures used is important when resurvey-ing or retracing an original survey. Other procedures discussed in this course include creat-ing protraction diagrams, special instructions diagrams where no protraction exists, and modifying approved protraction diagrams. This approach differs from the modern practice of using a protraction diagram or predetermined plan of survey so new surveys can be made in areas where they do not necessarily adjoin existing rectangular surveys. Historically, original surveys were made to create surveys of new areas by extending existing rectangular surveys into unsurveyed lands. The field procedures outlined in this course include procedures used historically as well as current methods for conducting an original survey. For this reason, and to make clear the procedures that have been fol-lowed in surveying public lands, a complete discussion of the system is included in this Manual. Although few of the original surveys now being made cover extensive areas, except in the State of Alaska, all facets of the rectangu-lar system occasionally come into use. It has been used continuously since 1785. The rectangular system of public land surveys over the public domain provides a simple and certain form of land identification and legal description. Use search to quickly locate question answers – open up a search box (ctrl+f), then enter a keyword from the question to navigate you to those terms in the course material Chapter: 1 Introduction & amp General Schemeġ-1.
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